PHYS-C1380 - Multi-disciplinary energy perspectives, Lecture, 16.1.2023-20.3.2023

Please read the two articles attached before attending the first lecture. Respond to the questions attached by providing essay-type of answers within the lecture diary for the first lecture.

The pre-reading articles aim at entering energy topics from a non-technological perspective. The articles deal with "carbon & equality" and "climate security", which are hot multi-disciplinary topics in energy globally.

The course participants may have different backgrounds (or none in energy) and therefore you may analyze the questions attached in different ways. There may not be a single correct answer, but more importantly, the articles should trigger new thoughts.

Please read the two articles attached. Respond to the questions attached by providing a 1-page essay-type of answer for each.

Article #1 Carbon and inequality: from Kyoto to Paris. Trends in the global inequality of carbon emissions (1998-2013) & prospects for an equitable adaptation fund By Lucas Chancel, Iddri & Paris School of Economics and Thomas Piketty, Paris School of Economics

An important agreement to mitigate climate change was achieved in Paris in December 2015. The ultimate goal will be to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions to less than half from the present level to keep the global temperature rise below 2 °C, preferably toward 1.5 °C.

Reducing the emissions will require massive investments in clean energy. This in turn, implies large expenditures for the countries involved. An important question in this context will be who pays and how? This issue is of particular importance to the developing countries and emerging economies.

The article deals with the equality issue of carbon emission reductions. Having read the provided article and discussion related to this in the first lecture write 1-page analysis in essay format on:

#1 “How to finance carbon emission reductions in a fair way. Who should pay and why?”

Article #2 Climate Security. The Finnish Institute of International Affairs. December 2016.

Climate change will have a range of different effects, including on security, which are discussed by this article. Having read it provide an analysis in essay format on the following question (half a page each):

#2a What kind of security effects could climate change cause?

#2b Why should a small remote country such as Finland have a policy on climate security?