set.seed(123456) tnone = tconst = ttrend = NULL for (i in 1:50000){ y = c(0, cumsum(rnorm(1199))) dy = c(NA,diff(y)) lmnone = lm(dy[-(1:200)] ~ 0 + y[200:1199]) tnone = c(tnone, coef(summary(lmnone))[1]/coef(summary(lmnone))[2]) lmconst = lm(dy[-(1:200)] ~ 1 + y[200:1199]) tconst = c(tconst,coef(summary(lmconst))[2,1]/coef(summary(lmconst))[2,2]) lmtrend = lm(dy[-(1:200)] ~ 1 + y[200:1199] + c(1:1000)) ttrend = c(ttrend,coef(summary(lmtrend))[2,1]/coef(summary(lmtrend))[2,2]) } quantile(tnone,c(0.01,0.05,0.1)) quantile(tconst,c(0.01,0.05,0.1)) quantile(ttrend,c(0.01,0.05,0.1))