PHYS-A0140 - Aineen rakenne (TFM), Luento-opetus, 24.4.2023-2.6.2023

Topic outline

• Viikko 3
  Alla olevat linkit sähköisen oppikirjamme eri lukuihin ja kappaleisiin edellyttävät, että kirja on jo valmiiksi avattuna selaimessa tästä linkistä:

  • Kurssin kolmannella viikolla siirrymme klassisista aalloista kohti kvanttimekaniikkaa. Erityisesti aiheina ovat:

    • Kaksoisrakokoe hiukkasilla. Kirjasta luvut 39.1 Electron waves.
      
    • Heisenbergin epätarkkuusperiaate. Kirjasta luvut 38.4 Wave-particle duality, probability, and uncertainty ja 39.6 The uncertainty principle revisited.
      
    • Aaltofunktio ja mittauspostulaatti. Kirjasta luvut 40.1 Wave functions and the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation ja 40.6 Measurement in quantum mechanics.
      

  • ChatGPT (18.3.2023): "please explain shortly the measurement postulate"

    The measurement postulate, also known as the projection postulate or the Born rule, is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics that describes the outcome and probabilities of measuring a quantum system. This postulate addresses the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics and provides a framework for predicting the results of measurements on quantum systems.

    According to the measurement postulate:

    1. When a measurement is made on a quantum system, the result corresponds to one of the eigenvalues of the observable being measured. An observable is a physical quantity, such as position, momentum, or energy, represented by a Hermitian operator in quantum mechanics.

    2. The probability of obtaining a particular eigenvalue is given by the squared magnitude of the corresponding eigenvector's component (also known as the probability amplitude) in the quantum system's state vector. This is referred to as the Born rule.

    3. After the measurement, the quantum system collapses (or projects) onto the eigenvector associated with the measured eigenvalue, resulting in a definite state for the system. This is known as the wave function collapse.

    The measurement postulate is essential in understanding the inherently probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics and the seemingly random outcomes of measurements on quantum systems. It also helps to explain the transition from the quantum realm's superposition states to the definite classical states we observe in everyday life.

    
    

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    Viikon 3 luentomuistiinpanot File

    Arkisto (ZIP)

    Päivitetty 9.5.2023: lisätty kuva korrelaatioista ja mittauksesta
    

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    Maanantain luennon esitehtävä Assignment
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    Keskiviikon luennon esitehtävä Assignment
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    Laskuharjoitustehtävät 3 Assignment

    Palautus 17.5. kello 12:15 mennessä tähän palautuslaatikkoon. Sallitut tiedostomuodot pdf, gif, jpg, png.
    

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    Ryhmälaskarikysely 3 Quiz
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    Ratkaisut File

    Arkisto (ZIP)

    Not available unless: You belong to any group
  • Lisämateriaalia viikon aiheista:
    

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    Iltalukemista, osa 3 URL

    The Curious Observer's guide to quantum mechanics, part 3. Miguel F. Morales, Ars Technica (2021).
    

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    Fullereenin (C60 ja C70) interferenssikokeesta File

    Pdf-tiedosto

    Ote Schlosshauerin kirjasta "Decoherence and the quantum-to-classical transition", sivut 258-270.
    

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    G.I. Taylor, “Interference fringes with weak light,” Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 15, 114 (1909) File

    Pdf-tiedosto

    G.I.Taylorin artikkeli interferenssikokeestaan hyvin heikolla valolla.