Kurssi: WAT-E2090 - Water and People in a Changing World D, Lecture, 25.10.2022-1.12.2022

Course home

Welcome to Water and People course!

~~Registration is open!~~

~~The course starts on~~ ~~Tue 25 of October 2022 at 12:30~~.

~~Note: there will be short pre-assignment to be done, due on Tue 25th of October at 11:55 am, to get familiar with the programming environment.~~ ~~Please do the pre-assignment in time!~~

The course can only be done by attending to live lectures and exercises and thus pure online learning is not possible. However, all the lectures and training sessions will be recorded and thus if you are sick and cannot attend, you can still watch the lectures and training sessions. For Thursday workshops also online attendance is possible.

See more details in 'Schedule & practicalities' tab on the left.

Please note:

1. Tuesdays' lecture-training sessions (12:30-16:15) are compulsory and students need to attend minimum five out of six sessions in order to pass the course. Tuesday sessions are divided into two parts: lecture and hands-on training.

2. Thursdays workshops (9:30-11:30) are not compulsory but recommended. These you can also attend in course Teams. The workshops are for working on weekly assignments and getting help with them.

3. In addition, there will be voluntary online helpdesk sessions on Mondays at 13:00-15:00. These sessions are for short, last minute questions related to weekly assignments.

3. Due to public holidays, one Thursday workshop will be held on Wednesday instead - see schedule for more details

Short description

Food security and the overall wellbeing of human kind are threatened by the overexploitation of our water and land resources. Water scarcity is not only a threat to people, but also to many of the planet's key ecosystems. But how have we ended up in this situation, and how does the future look like?

In this course, the aim is to investigate how the world has changed over time, and how these changes have impacted on our water and land resources. Moreover, as the pressure on natural resources is expected to only grow in the future, an overview on future pathways is given. Within the course, a student will explore and assess these changes using various spatial analyses methods of R, over different global datasets. Moreover, advanced graph and map making is practised with Adobe Illustrator.

Contact

Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact the teacher: matti.kummu@aalto.fi

Announcements Keskustelualue

Schedule and practicalities

From this section you can find the overall schedule for the course and other practical information.

Please note: each lecture on Tuesdays (12:30-16:15) is divided into two parts: lecture itself and hands-on training. These Tuesday sessions are compulsory and you need to attend to minimum five out of six of them, in order to pass the course. Workshops on Thursdays are optional but you can get extra attendance points from them. Online helpdesks on Mondays are optional.

Lectures and other sessions will be given in in class room. Lectures and training sessions will be recorded for those who cannot attend due to sickness. It is not possible to do the course fully remotely, as full hybrid teaching is not possible.

Course schedule:

*Lecture* Tue at 12:30-14:00 @ U406a; 14:15-16:00 @ U351	*Theme*	Workshop Thu at 9:30-11:30 @ Y344/Teams	Helpdesk Mon at 13:00-15:00 @ Teams	Home assignment due Mondays by 23:55
Tue 25.10	1. Global water resources; + Introduction to the course	Thu 27.10.	Mon 31.10.	Mon 31.10.
Tue 1.11.	2. Population dynamics + final presentation introduction	Thu 3.11	Mon 7.11	Mon 7.11
Tue 8.11	3. Land cover change and food production	Thu 10.11	Mon 14.11	Mon 14.11
Tue 15.11.	4. Water use	Thu 17.11.	Mon 21.11	Mon 21.11
Tue 22.11.	5. Water scarcity	Thu 24.11	Mon 28.11.	Mon 28.11.
Tue 29.11.	6. Socio-economics of water and food	Thu 1.12	Mon 5.11.	Thu 8.12.**
Wed 7.12.	Final presentation - you can decide within the small groups when is the best time for presentations. Presentation session takes 2-3 hrs.	-	-	-

** note the change in date; time remains same

Course description

You can download the course description from here.

Introductory ppt

Introduction ppt (includes all the practicalities, grading criteria in more details, etc)

Grading

The grading is based on following division: active participation in Tuesday lecture-exercise sessions (12.5%), home assignments (62.5%), final presentation (25%). Please see the Introduction ppt above for more detail description of the grading, criteria, point limits for each grade, etc.

R for own computer

We will be using R over RStudio for spatial analyses. You can install these to your own computer; please make sure that you have the R version 4.2.1 or higher. Below are useful links:

- R: https://www.r-project.org

- RStudio: https://www.rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/

- Guide to install these on Windows or Mac: https://www.datacamp.com/community/tutorials/installing-R-windows-mac-ubuntu

Adobe Illustrator use via VDI:

We use Adobe Illustrator for making the graphs and maps from R even nicer. You can access to it via VDI-connection similar way than using R via VDI connection (as explained in pre-assignment pdf, and repeated below):

We will use the Aalto VDI service throughout the course: https://vdi.aalto.fi/. The VDI requires a two-step authentication from the user: 1) Aalto credentials and 2) your choice of the second authentication step (either Microsoft Authenticator app or text message).

Video: Connecting to VDI

Computers at U351 and Y344 (and in many other rooms) have Adobe products. Once you are logged in, find Adobe Illustrator and launch that. Users must sign in with an Adobe ID which has been created for all students. Thus, just use the Aalto e-mail and password.

After that you are all set. You can move files between your own computer and these computers for example by using a coud service or Filezilla.

Teams link & instructions, Presemo, Miro board

Saatavilla vasta, kun: You are a(n) Opiskelija

To join course discussion and to attend Thursday workshops online, join the course Teams:

https://teams.microsoft.com/l/team/19%3a-6Y51LdNDmaxBwKiCsYXdXze1yqKWspIxdadH39vfJU1%40thread.tacv2/conversations?groupId=c53c78da-7391-4f07-93f2-3eeaaaeafb86&tenantId=ae1a7724-4041-4462-a6dc-538cb199707e

...or join by using the team code: okximy4

Presemo for lecture activities:

https://presemo.aalto.fi/wp22

Miro board:

https://miro.com/app/board/uXjVPMmhsYM=/?share_link_id=941517778137

-----------------

Brief instructions and guides on Teams in workshops:

Main aim of the Thu workshops is to get personal help, so please ask questions and comment. There are three ways to do so:

raise your hand (see below)
just interrupt (unmute yourself, and ask a question or say a comment)
place your question/comment to chat (see below)

please keep yourself muted whenever you do not need to talk
when you comment, we would appreciate of having your video on too (not compulsory though)

Instructions on raising your hand
1. Click the Reactions button.

2. Click one the Raise hand icon. Remember to click the icon again to remove it after you have received help.

Instructions on Chat

1. Click Chat in the meeting controls.

2. This will open the chat on the right. You can type a message into the chat box. The message will be visible to everyone in the meeting.

Final grades

Saatavilla vasta, kun: Kuulut mihin tahansa ryhmään

Here are the tentative grades; you did excellent work in the course! Many thanks again for your active participation and positive attitude over the entire course!

Student numbers	Points	Grade
439419	86.8	5
649872	74.4	3
709602	78.9	4
715832	94.4	5
744146	78.4	4
771371	97.0	5
788571	89.7	5
995869	80.4	4
996279	86.4	5
1006977	97.0	5
1012754	87.5	5
1013711	77.6	4
100479230	89.3	5
100506569	89.7	5
100513170	87.6	5
100515369	93.4	5
100524185	92.5	5
100633775	91.6	5
100888067	92.4	5
100888290	93.3	5

Required points for each grade

Grade	1	2	3	4	5
Points	48	57.6	67.2	76.8	86.4

Maximum points are 96 (+ 3 from workshops), and thresholds for the grades follow:

1: 48p (50% of total points) 2: 58p (60%) 3: 67p (70%) 4: 77p (80%) 5: 86p (90% of total points)

Final presentation

Few things about the final presentation

form: 15 min presentation to a group of 4-5 students + a teacher
based on the home assignments, so you do not need to do much new work (if you do not want to)
main thing is that you make a coherent and clear story out of the selected weekly themes, with clear research question or two (i.e. the most interesting things you want to concentrate a bit more - the idea is NOT that you just scroll through all your home assignments)
it would be good also if you could reflect your findings with the literature within the presentation
you need to present it to your peer-group within 15 min (strict), so you get practice of presenting research and also it gives you an opportunity to discuss about your findings
you can do the presentation with power point, prezi or any other software
Matti is happy to discuss about the final presentation more whenever needed.

Schedule & peer-groups

please fill in the doodle after you have agreed the time with your group (see below) - max 3 groups can present at the same time (in doodle, please use the group name – e.g. Asia, North America, etc – and put just one entry / group):

https://doodle.com/meeting/participate/id/e1WEgB3b

You can find the peer groups for the project work presentations below, and download the evaluation form from the following links (these will also be provided as a paper copies in the presentation sessions):

evaluation form pdf

Group	Members	Presentation time at Wed 7.12	Place: @Learning centre
Africa & Middle East	Jasmin, Julia, Markus, Saana (teacher Johannes)	12:00-14:30	106 Ilmari
Asia	Aarni-Matti, Henri, Ville, Wenli (teacher Sara)	9:30-12:00	106 Ilmari
Europe & Australia	Antonino, Ella, Jouni, Milla (teacher Mika)	14:30-17:00	106 Ilmari
North America	Eero, Joona, Ksenija, Sonja (teacher Qiankun)	12:00-14:30	108 Jaakko
South America	Albert, Juho, Stefano, Tiia (teacher Mika)	12:00-14:30	109 Dora

Presentation

Each group member will give max 15 min (strict!) presentation about their project, followed by 10 min discussion.

The presentation should include following parts:

short introduction to project area
research questions
main findings
discussion and conclusions

Please keep the introduction very short, to have enough time for the main findings. Idea is that those findings are based on your home assingments, and in the presentation you collect the most interesting findings and make a nice story out of them.

You can use what ever programme you want to do the presentation. If you have energy and time, you can consider in learning a new programme. But do not stress about it, you can use the one you are most familiar with.

Evaluation

The evaluation of the presentation will be based on following questions:

How coherent the overall story was?
How clear were the research questions?
Quality of illustrations and graphs
How well linked to the issues dealt within the course?
How well presented?

The grade is an average of self-evaluation (1/3), peer-evaluation (1/3) and teacher evaluation (1/3).

How to make a good presentation?

Each one of us have our own style to present things, and you should not change that. But there are some general tips for how to make a good presentation - below is given one video that I found useful:

Practicalities of presenting the presentation

We'll have a laptop from which you can present the presentation that needs computer. If you have other format of presentation, please inform us.
Once your presentation is ready, please upload it to MyCourses, using the link at the bottom of this page. If you use Prezi, just provide the link to us. Upload your presentation at least 30 min before the presentation time starts.
Reherse the presentation before the event
Come to the classroom in time, preferably ~5 minutes before the presentations start

Final presentations

You can download all the final presentations from below:

Pre-assignment

As a pre-assignment, you are asked to set up the R environment ready for the course, as well as familiarise yourself briefly with the R language. Instructions are given in the pdf below. Please review it carefully.

Pre-assignment instructions

You need to complete the pre-assignment by 11:55 am Tue 25th of October (i.e. before the course starts), by submitting the two pdf plots from the R script to the Submission box below. The assignment itself should not take long to complete, but as it potentially requires installing software etc (if you do not already have those installed) please do start well in advance.

We provide help in Teams, if needed, during the following time slots:

Monday, October 24^thfrom 13:00 to 15:00

Tuesday, October 25^thfrom 9:00 to 11:00

You can drop in to the Teams session (link in pre-assignment instructions) or send an e-mail to Sara Heikonen (sara.heikonen@aalto.fi) or Mika Jalava (mika.jalava@aalto.fi) to book a time within those time periods.

See you on coming Tuesday!

Theme 1: Water resources

Introduction to the course

You can download the introduction ppt from the file below:

Introduction ppt

Theme lecture

The theme lecture is available at the following web-page:

Prezi on water resources (opens in a new window)

Hands-on training

For each hands-on training, we will provide you with a exercise script to be used with data that was delivered with the pre-assignment. We will go through the exercise script step by step during the hands-on sessions. The exercise script contains few tasks marked with # TODO, which you can try filling in. We will provide model answers to all tasks after the hands-on session in another script.

In the beginning of the first hands-on session, we will fetch the first exercise script together. For future reference, the videos below illustrate how to update course material and what you will need to know about working directories. The videos are from 2021 but still applicable.

Please note that now the correct name of the course directory is wp-course-fall22, and exercise files are named exercise_xxx rather than demo_xxx. Furthermore, the data has already been delivered with the pre-assignment, so only exercise1_water_resources.Rmd should come by pulling.

Video: Getting the first exercise py pulling changes

Video: working directories

Written instructions on how to update course material are given below.

Open your project from the wp-course-fall22.Rproj file
In RStudio, select Tools -> Shell
Verify that the shell is in the wp-course-fall22 folder. In Aalto VDI, the current directory of the shell is highlighted in yellow. If there's a cyan (master) tag after the path, the shell is in the correct directory. Changing directories can be done with the command cd path/to/directory.
Commit any previous work according to the instructions in this video (note that the video is from 2021). The working tree should be clean as shown below. The output before the working tree can be "Your branch is XXX commits ahead of 'origin/master'" but that is expected and nothing special needs to be done for it.
Type git pull into the shell and press enter.
The shell pulls the changes from the version control system to your folder wp-course-fall22.
If you pull again, you should get "Already up to date." which means that you're good to go.

Home assignment

1. Discover global / regional runoff and precipitation patterns

Instructions:

please select a research question below or develop your own (preferred!)
produce one A4/A3 page with following structure: a) title; b) research question and short introduction; c) maps, graphs, etc of the results with captions d) interpretation of the results
you can get help to possible problems by a) searching from internet: there are many people with similar problems; b) posting question to the Discussion channel in Teams; c) coming to Thursday workshop and Monday helpdesk, or d) asking us or your fellow students directly
once you are happy with the end result, please submit the work (see below Submission)

This weeks illustration type: maps; include at least one map to the home assignment! See example charts under 'Visualisation guides and examples' -tab

Example research questions:

Variability: How much does runoff/precipitation/temperature vary over a year by grid cells / large river basins (monthly data is available)?
Past trends: How much have runoff/precipitation/temperature changed over the past decades (data for three time steps since 1960-1979 is available)?
How large percentage of precipitation is turned to runoff? Please note that precipitation and runoff come from different sources
Countries of extremes - in which countries the a) difference of precipitation, b) difference of temperature, c) difference of runoff, and/or d) seasonal variability of runoff are greatest?
Impact of climate change - from the data folder you can find global monthly precipitation and temperature under two climate change scenarios (year 2050).

Example submission: from this link you can find an example submission (please note, the time series plot comes only next week and thus, it is encouraged to include only maps to this week's home assignment).

Submission: please submit the assignment by using the submission icon below. Submission is due on following Monday from the lecture. If you submit the assignment late, you'll get only 70% of the points. The submission will be closed completely two weeks after the lecture, after which you are not able to submit the assignment.

2. Select the geographical area of your final presentation

Instructions: by using the selection tool below [the one with question mark], please choose the large river basin on which your individual final presentation will be concentrated on. More information about the actual final presentation will be give within the second lecture.

Thursday workshop

Before Thu workshop, please test that Adobe Illustrator works well with VDI computer you are using. Instructions for using Illustrator can be found under 'Schedule and practicalities' tab on the left.

On Thursdays we have a workshop (see Schedule for location) in where you can get help on the home assignment. During the workshop we'll give a short demo on Adobe Illustrator to show how you can use it to enhance your vector graphs and make them visually appealing.

Here is the short video on how you can use Illustrator in the case of raster maps:

Illustrator video part 1 (recorded year 2021)

Theme 2: Population dynamics

Theme lecture

The theme lecture is available at the following web-page:

Prezi presentation of the population dynamics

Presentation of the week, including the introduction to individual final presentation:

Weekly ppt, including Final presentation introduction

Hands-on exercise

For the hands-on exercise, we will provide you with a new exercise script. In the beginning of the hands-on session, we will fetch the exercise script together. However, you can pull the script (exercise2_population_dynamics.rmd) already before the session and browse it through if you'd like (this is voluntary). If you'd like to watch a recap on how a git pull is performed, see the first hands-on training session recording in Teams.

We will go through the exercise script step by step during the hands-on sessions. Again, the script contains few tasks marked with # TODO, which you can try filling in. We will provide solutions to all tasks after the hands-on session in another script.

Please note that the correct name of the course directory is wp-course-fall22 and on school computers in Git shell, the cyan identifier named “master” has been changed to “main” .

Written instructions on how to update course material are given below.

Open your project from the wp-course-fall22.Rproj file
In RStudio, select Tools -> Shell
Verify that the shell is in the wp-course-fall22 folder. In Aalto VDI, the current directory of the shell is highlighted in yellow. If there's a cyan (master/main) tag after the path, the shell is in the correct directory. Changing directories can be done with the command cd path/to/directory.
Commit any previous work according to the instructions in this video (note that the video is from 2021). The working tree should be clean as shown below. The output before the working tree can be "Your branch is XXX commits ahead of 'origin/master'" but that is expected and nothing special needs to be done for it.
Type git pull into the shell and press enter.
The shell pulls the changes from the version control system to your folder wp-course-fall22.
If you pull again, you should get "Already up to date." which means that you're good to go.

Home assignment

Discover global / regional / river basin population dynamics

Instructions:

please select a research question below or develop your own (preferred!)
produce one A4/A3 page with following structure: a) title; b) research question and short introduction; c) GRAPHS, maps, etc of the results with captions d) interpretation of the results
you can get help to possible problems by a) searching from internet: there are many people with similar problems; b) posting question to the Discussion channel in Teams; c) coming to Thursday workshop or Monday helpdesk, or d) asking us or your fellow students directly
once you are happy with the end result, please submit the work (see below Submission)

This weeks illustration type: bar and scatter plots; include either one to the home assignment! See example charts under 'Visualisation guides and examples' -tab

Example research questions:

what is the distribution of population in different precipitation and/or temperature zones and has this changed over time? Does that differ between urban and rural population?
how far from fresh water sources people live today and has that changed over time or will it change in the future? Does that differ between urban and rural population?
where do people live in relation to elevation and distance to coast? Does that differ between urban and rural population?

Submission: please submit the assignment by using the submission icon below.

Thursday workshop

On Thursdays we have a workshop (see Schedule for location) in where you can get help on the home assignment. In the video below, there is a short lecture on Adobe Illustrator to show how you can use it to enhance your vector graphs and make them visually appealing.

Illustrator tutorial - part 2 (from year 2021)

Theme 3: Food production

Theme lecture

The theme lecture is available at the following web-page:

Prezi presentation of the food production

Week's ppt

Hands-on exercise

For the hands-on exercise, we will provide you with a new exercise script. In the beginning of the hands-on session, we will fetch the exercise script together. However, you can pull the script (exercise3_food_production.Rmd) already before the session and browse it through if you like (this is voluntary). If you'd like to watch a recap on how a git pull is performed, see the hands-on training recordings on Teams.

We will go through the exercise script step by step during the hands-on sessions. Again, the script contains few tasks marked with # TODO, which you can try filling in. We will provide model answers to all tasks after the session in another script.

In addition to the pasture, cropland, and food production data introduced in the exercise, we provide you with additional datasets on food supply, food production and the prevalence of different BMI classes. See more in the Supporting materials (R and Data) tab.

Written instructions on how to update course material are given below.

Open your project from the wp-course-fall22.Rproj file
In RStudio, select Tools -> Shell
Verify that the shell is in the wp-course-fall22 folder. In Aalto VDI, the current directory of the shell is highlighted in yellow. If there's a cyan (master/main) tag after the path, the shell is in the correct directory. Changing directories can be done with the command cd path/to/directory.
Commit any previous work according to the instructions in this video (note that the video is from 2021). The working tree should be clean as shown below. The output before the working tree can be "Your branch is XXX commits ahead of 'origin/master'" but that is expected and nothing special needs to be done for it.
Type git pull into the shell and press enter.
The shell pulls the changes from the version control system to your folder wp-course-fall22.
If you pull again, you should get "Already up to date." which means that you're good to go.

Home assignment

1. Discover global / regional / river basin food production and land use

Instructions:

please develop your own research question
produce one page (A4/A3; preferably landscape) with following structure: a) title; b) research question and short introduction; c) TABLES and maps, graphs, etc of the results with captions d) interpretation of the results
you can get help to possible problems by a) searching from internet: there are many people with similar problems; b) posting question to the R Q&A channel in Teams; c) coming to Thursday workshop, or d) asking us or your fellow students directly
once you are happy with the end result, please submit the work (see below Submission)

This weeks illustration type: tables and histograms; include either one to the home assignment! See example charts under 'Visualisation guides and examples' -tab

Example research questions:

How the cropland and pasture areas (and food production) have developed in relation to population?
Has the planetary boundary of landuse crossed in your study area, if so, when?
Is the food production adequate in your study area? If not, what kind of measures have been undertaking to reach it.
In which precipitation and/or temperature zones food production is concentrated in your study area?

Submission: please submit the assignment by using the submission icon below.

2. Mid-course feedback

We would highly appreciate your feedback on how things are going with the course and how we could improve it. Please use few minutes and fill the questionary at the end of the section. We would appreciate if you could fill it!!

Thursday workshop

On Thursdays we have a workshop (see Schedule for location) in where you can get help on the home assignment. In the video below, there is a short lecture on how to make nice tables to your report.

Illustrator part 3 - tables (year 2021)

Theme 4: Water use

Theme lecture

The theme lecture is available at the following web-page:

ppt with reply to feedback

Prezi presentation of the water use

Hands-on exercise

For the hands-on exercise, we will provide you with a new exercise script. In the beginning of the hands-on session, we will fetch the exercise script together. However, you can pull the script (exercise4_wateruse.Rmd) already before the session and browse it through if you like (this is voluntary). If you'd like to watch a recap on how a git pull is performed, see the hands-on training recordings on Teams.

We will go through the exercise script step by step during the hands-on sessions. Again, the script contains few tasks marked with # TODO, which you can try filling in. We will provide model answers to all tasks after the session in another script.

For potential use in your home assignments, we also provide a raster layer depicting environmental flow requirements (EFR) in Data/wateruse/EFR_fraction_annual_1971_2010.tif. This describes the fraction of discharge/runoff used by the natural environment. See details in the tab Supporting materials (R and Data) and in the metadata text files in the course repository.

Written instructions on how to update course material are given below.

Open your project from the wp-course-fall22.Rproj file
In RStudio, select Tools -> Shell
Verify that the shell is in the wp-course-fall22 folder. In Aalto VDI, the current directory of the shell is highlighted in yellow. If there's a cyan (master/main) tag after the path, the shell is in the correct directory. Changing directories can be done with the command cd path/to/directory.
Commit any previous work according to the instructions in this video (note that the video is from 2021). The working tree should be clean as shown below. The output before the working tree can be "Your branch is XXX commits ahead of 'origin/master'" but that is expected and nothing special needs to be done for it.
Type git pull into the shell and press enter.
The shell pulls the changes from the version control system to your folder wp-course-fall22.
If you pull again, you should get "Already up to date." which means that you're good to go.

Home assignment

1. Discover water use patterns and trends in your study area

Instructions:

please develop your own research question
produce one page pdf (A4/A3) with following structure: a) title; b) research question and short introduction; c) maps, graphs, etc of the results with captions d) interpretation of the results
you can get help to possible problems by a) searching from internet: there are many people with similar problems; b) posting question to the Discussion channel in Teams; c) coming to Thursday workshop and Monday helpdesk, or d) asking us or your fellow students directly
once you are happy with the end result, please submit the work (see below Submission)

Ideas for research questions - please note that from now on, innovative research questions and set up will result higher points:

Irrigation water consumption trends vs cropland expansion
environmental flows compared to human induced water uses
trends in water use within different parts of a basin / trends in share of different water use sectors over time

This weeks illustration type: vector graphic map and '100% stacked bar graph'; include either one to the home assignment! See example charts under 'Visualisation guides and examples' -tab

Submission: please submit the assignment by using the submission icon below.

2. Final presentation

I have now opened the tab for the final presentation - please take a look. It would be good to start slowly thinking about the presentation and what you would like to present in it.

Thursday workshop

On Thursdays we have a workshop (see Schedule for location) in where you can get help on the home assignment. In the video below, there is a short introduction how to enhance vector maps in illustrator.

Video on the illustrator part 4 - vector maps (year 2021)

Theme 5: Water scarcity

Theme lecture

The theme lecture is available at the following web-page:

Prezi presentation of the water scarcity

Weekly ppt

Hands-on exercise

For the hands-on exercise, we will provide you with a new exercise script. In the beginning of the hands-on session, we will fetch the script together. However, you can pull the script (exercise5_water_scarcity.Rmd) already before the session and browse it through if you like (this is voluntary). If you'd like to watch a recap on how a git pull is performed, see the first hands-on training session recording in Teams.

We will go through the exercise script step by step during the hands-on sessions. Again, the script contains few tasks marked with # TODO, which you can try filling in. We will provide model answers to all tasks after the hands-on session in another script (exercise5_water_scarcity_solutions.Rmd).

Home assignment

Discover water scarcity trends in your study area

Instructions:

please develop your own research question
produce EITHER one page infographic (see Visualisation tab) OR 'tradional' one page poster (A4/A3) with following structure: a) title; b) research question and short introduction; c) maps, graphs, etc of the results with captions d) interpretation of the results
you can get help to possible problems by a) searching from internet: there are many people with similar problems; b) posting question to the R Q&A channel in Teams; c) coming to Thursday workshop, or d) asking us or your fellow students directly
once you are happy with the end result, please submit the work (see below Submission)

Graph types (have to be included in both poster and infographic): stacked area graph (http://www.datavizcatalogue.com/methods/stacked_area_graph.html) or similar graph (such as trajectory) to illustrate changes over time

Research ideas:

water scarcity trajectory over time
drivers (i.e. water use sectors) of water scarcity over time

Submission: please submit the assignment by using the submission icon below.

Thursday workshop

On Thursdays we have a workshop (see Schedule for location) in where you can get help on the home assignment. This week no specific Illustrator tutorial is given, but we can recap with the issues you would like to go back to / know more. Below there is a short video showing how to resize text and graphs in Illustrator.

Tutorial on how to resize text and graphs (from year 2021)

Theme 6: Socio-economic indicators

Theme lecture

The theme lecture is available at the following web-page:

Prezi presentation of the socio-economics indicators

power point presentation

Hands-on exercise

For the hands-on exercise, we will provide you with a new exercise script. In the beginning of the hands-on session, we will fetch the script together. However, you can pull the script already before the session and browse it through if you'd like. If you'd like to watch a recap on how a git pull is performed, see the beginning of the first hands-on training session in Teams.

There is no specific extra data for this week. However, all indicators except the water risks have data for another timestep in addition to the circa-2018 we use in the demo code. Those can be used to explore changes in the indicators, but remember to normalise both years using only one timestep's data so that the values between timesteps are comparable.

Home assignment

Discover socio-economics in your study area

Instructions:

please develop your own research question
produce EITHER one page infographic OR 'tradional' one page pdf (A4/A3) with following structure: a) title; b) research question and short introduction; c) maps, graphs, etc of the results with captions d) interpretation of the results
you can get help to possible problems by a) searching from internet: there are many people with similar problems; b) posting question to the R Q&A channel in Teams; c) coming to Thursday workshop, or d) asking us or your fellow students directly
once you are happy with the end result, please submit the work (see below Submission)

Ideas for research questions:

composition of adaptive capacity and vulnerability
adaptive capacity vs vulnerability - differences across the project area (you can calculate resilience by subtracting the vulnerability from adaptive capacity)
population distribution in relation to adaptive capacity and vulnerability
change over time in adaptive capacity and vulnerability (data for years around 1995 are available too) Note: when you use data from the older timesteps (e.g. 1996), please use the 5th and 95 percentiles from the most recent year (~2018) when normalising and scaling the data, so that those are comparable

Submission: please submit the assignment by using the submission icon below.

Thursday workshop

In the Thursday workshop you can get help on the home assignment and the final presentation.

Supporting materials (R and Data)

Guides to R and some of the most common packages

Introduction to R (html)

R cheat sheet (pdf)

RStudio interface cheat sheet (pdf)

Introduction to raster data with the terra package (html)

Simple features (polygon data) for R (html)

ggplot2 website containing full reference, cheatsheet, and links to tutorials (html)

mapping with tmap (html)

Scico color package (html)

Various other R package cheat sheets provided by RStudio (html/pdf)
R graph gallery (lot of example codes to produce different kind of graphs)

Git

• Quick Git guide and a cheatsheet

During this course, we're applying only a fraction of Git features. If you want to dive further into using Git, see the guide above for a rather comprehensive quick-tutorial. While the use Git is not in the center in the learning outcomes of the course, it is a very valuable and useful tool to get a grip on.

Support

• The easiest is to google the command or task you want to do; there is lots of help in the web (including stackoverflow, various R mailing lists etc.).

• R has a strong community around it since it's open source; most likely, someone else has had similar issues than you are having and has asked about it in some forums.

• ?function (e.g. ?mean) in R console will open a help page.

• Posting to Teams Discussion channel - optimally very efficient and enables learning together with your peers!

• Naturally, the teachers will help you when needed

Extra data related to the data introduced in hands-on sessions - all files are in data folder

Week 1:

Historical runoff, precipitation and temperature data (Data/climate/historical and Data/runoff). Two-decade averages of monthly values for timesteps 1960-1979, 1980-1999, and 2000-2018 (2000-2014 for runoff).
Future precipitation and temperature data (Data/climate/future). Two-decade averages of 2041-2060; monthly and annual values for scenarios SSP1-RCP2.6 and SSP3-RCP7.0. More on SSPs & RCPs.

Week 2:

Future total population for scenarios SSP1 and SSP3; years 2050 and 2100 (Data/population).
Built-up area defined as "artificial areas contiguously occupied by humans (therefore not including vegetative land cover and water, nor roads)", as fractions of cell area. See HYDE 3.1 for description.
Aridity class and aridity index (Data/misc). Thresholds from source Table 2.
Distance to nearest freshwater feature and distance to nearest sea (dist2water and dist2sea; Data/misc)
Ground elevation (Data/misc)
Groundwater table depth, annual long-term average (Data/misc)

Week 3:

Food crop production (kcal) in 2010 as raster, Data/food_prod/crop_production_kcal_2010_025dgr.tif.
Food supply (kcal/cap/d) in Data/food_prod/food_supply.xlsx. The food supply quantity presented here is based on a national balance of total food supply = production + imports - exports + changes in stocks for all food items in FAOSTAT. From the total supply, the shares of usage for feed, seed, manufacturing for both food and non-food products, and losses during storage and transportation are subtracted before finally yielding the total food supply available for human consumption. Hence, this food supply represents the amount of calories available for human consumption, but not necessarily the amount ending up consumed as retail and household losses are not accounted for.
BMI (body mass index) data from NCD-RisC (http://www.ncdrisc.org/) including mean BMI as well as share of population overweight and obese: Data/food_prod/NCD_RisC_Lancet_2017_BMI.xlsx.

Week 4:

Environmental flow requirements (EFR) in Data/wateruse/EFR_fraction_annual_1971_2010.tif. This describes the fraction of discharge/runoff used by the natural environment. If the EFR is fulfilled, the riverine ecosystems assumed to be in a fair condition. The values are computed from long-term runoff (1970-2000) as annual averages using the variable monthly flow (VMF) method described in Pastor et al. (2014).

Week 5:

No specific extra data for this week.

Week 6:

No specific extra data for this week. Most of the indicators included in the demo code have one additional timestep, which can be taken advantage of.