Basics of dyeing

Dyeing is not allowed (and cannot be done) without learning the basics of dyeing, its methods and recipes. On the following pages, you will find instructions for dyeing by hand and by machine, as well as the recipe for Dylon direct dyes. You will learn how to work safely in the Occupational Safety section.

GENERAL INSTRUCTION

  • Read the facility-specific occupational safety instructions and remember to protect yourself appropriately.
  • Select the method and materials in accordance with your project.
  • If you are unsure about the use of a specific chemical, contact the workshop master.
Previous: 1. Dyeable materialsNext: 3. Dyeing with direct dyes

2. Dyes

The composition of the material to be dyed influences the choice of dyes and techniques. In the Costume Workshop, you have access to Dylon direct dyes and some natural dyes with their auxiliary chemicals. If you want, you can also buy reactive dyes and use them. In addition, you will need an auxiliary appropriate for your dye. Familiarise yourself with the differences between dyes below.

Direct dyes (Dylon)

This simple dyeing method enables an artistic approach and allows you to search for the correct shade as the dyeing process proceeds. It may be challenging to repeat the resulting shade.

  • Dyeable materials: cellulose and protein fibres, polyamide and nylon.
  • Auxiliary agent: salt.
  • Wash fastness: moderate.
  • Light fastness: good.
  • Pre-treatment: wash / rinse of the material.
  • Post-treatment: rinse and wash.

Natural dyes

An experimental dyeing method, beautiful, natural shades. This method is ecological if you use the correct techniques and environmentally-friendly dyeing auxiliaries.

  • Dyeable materials: cellulose and protein fibres.
  • Auxiliaries:
          • Mordants: alum and cream of tartar.
          • Acidic dye bath / neutraliser: vinegar.
          • Alkaline dye bath: sodium carbonate.
          • Darkening of colour: ferrous sulphate.
          • Reducing the pH level: citric acid.
  • Wash fastness: poor in some dyes.
  • Light fastness: poor in some dyes.
  • Pre-treatment: mordanting improves wash and light fastness.
  • Post-treatment: rinse and wash.

Reactive dyes (Remazol, Semitone)

This is a more challenging dyeing method involving very detailed recipes. The precise recipes make it possible to repeat the results. Can also be used for fabric printing.

  • Dyeable materials: cellulose and protein fibres, polyamide and elastane.
  • Auxiliaries:
          • Cellulose fibres: sodium carbonate and salt.
          • Protein fibres: vinegar and salt.
  • Wash fastness: good.
  • Light fastness: good.
  • Pre-treatment: wash / rinse of the material.
  • Post-treatment: rinse and wash.


Previous: 1. Dyeable materialsNext: 3. Dyeing with direct dyes